Cambridge 17, Test 1, Passage 2
Stadiums: past, present, future
Which section contains the following information?
14- a mention of negative attitudes towards stadium building projects
The answer is A.
In paragraph one, today, however, stadiums are regarded with growing skepticism. Construction costs can soar above one billion pounds, and stadiums finished for major events such as the Olympic Games or the FIFA World Cup have notably fallen into disuse and disrepair.
15- figures demonstrating the environmental benefits of a certain stadium
The answer is F.
In paragraph F, the phenomenon of stadiums as power stations has arisen from the idea that energy problems can be overcome by integrating interconnected buildings by means of smart grid, which is an electricity supply network that uses digital communications technology to detect and react to local changes in usage, without significant energy losses.
16- examples of wide range of facilities available at some new stadiums
The answer is E.
In paragraph E, among the current strategies, two seems to be having particular success: the stadium as an urban hub, and as a power plant.
17- reference to the disadvantages of the stadiums built during a certain era
The answer is D.
In paragraph two, many stadiums are situated in suburban areas, designed for sporting use only and surrounded by parking lots. These factors mean that they may not be accessible to the general public, require more energy to run and contribute to urban heat.
Complete the summary below.
Choose ONE WORD ONLY from the passage for each answer.
Roman ampgitheaters
18:19- The amphitheater of Arles, for example, was converted first into a …………, then into a residential area and finally into an arena where spectators could watch …………..
The answer is FORTRESS.
The answer is BULLFIGHTS.
In section B, built by the Romans in90 AD, it became a fortress with four towers after the fifth century.
It was converted back into an arena for staging of bullfights, thereby returning the structure to its original use as a venue for public spectacles.
20- Meanwhile, the arena in Verona, one of the oldest Roman amphitheaters, is famous today as a venue where …… is performed.
The answer is OPERA.
In section B, it has endured the centuries and is currently considered one of the world’s prime sites for opera, thanks to its outstanding acoustics.
21- The site of Lucca’s amphitheater has been used for many purposes over centuries, including the storage of ……… .
The answer is SALT.
In section C, the site evolved in a similar way to Arles and was progressively filled with buildings from the Middle Ages until the 19th century, variously used as houses, a salt depot and a prison.
22- It is now a market square with ……….. and homes incorporated into the remains of the Roman amphitheater.
The answer is SHOPS.
In section C, but rather reverting to an arena, it became a market square, designed by Romanticist architect Lorenzo Nottolini. Today, the ruins of the amphitheater remain embedded in the various shops and residences surrounding the public square.
Write TWO letters, A–E
Roman ampgitheaters
23:24- When comparing twentieth-century stadiums to ancient amphitheaters in section D, which TWO negative features does the writer mention?
A- They are less imaginatively designed.
B- They are less spacious.
C- They are in less convenient locations.
D- They are versatile.
E- They are made of less durable materials.
The answer is C and D.
In section D, many such stadiums are situated in suburban areas.
In section D, but some of the flexibility was lost at the beginning of the 20th century.
25:26- Which TWO advantages of modern stadium design does the writer mention?
A- offering improved amenities for the environment of sports events
B- bringing community life back into the city environment
C- facilitating research into solar and wind energy
D- enabling local residents to reduce their consumption of electricity
E- providing a suitable site for the installation of renewable power generators
The answer is B and E.
In section F, the phenomenon of stadiums as power stations has arisen from the idea that energy problems can be overcome by integrating interconnected buildings by means of smart grid, which is an electricity supply network that uses digital communications technology to detect and react to local changes in usage, without significant energy losses.
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