Magy's English Edu. Club
Cambridge 13 Academic Reading Test Four Passage Three
Book Review
Choose the correct letter, A, B, C, or D.
27. What is the reviewer’s attitude to advocates of positive psychology?
The answer is D. > They are ignorant about the ideas they should be considering.
In paragraph two, it is an astonishingly crude and simple-minded way of thinking, and for that very reason increasingly popular. Those who think this way are oblivious to the vast philosophical literature in which the meaning and value of happiness have been explored and questioned, and write as if nothing of any importance had been thought on the subject until it came to their attention.
28. The reviewer refers to the Greek philosopher Aristotle in order to suggest that happiness
The answer is A. > may not be just pleasure and the absence of pain.
In paragraph two, the Greek philosopher Aristotle may have identified happiness with self-realization in the 4th century BC, and thinkers throughout the ages may have struggled to reconcile the pursuit of happiness with other human values, but for Bentham, all this was mere metaphysics or fiction.
29. According to Davis, Bentham’s suggestion for linking the price of goods to happiness was significant because
The answer is B. >it established a connection between work and psychology.
In paragraph four, by associating money so close to inner experience, Davies writes, Bentham ‘set the stage for the entangling of psychological research and capitalism that would shape the business practices of the twentieth century’.
Complete the summary using the list of words A–G.
Jeremy Bentham
30. In the 1790s he suggested a type of technology to improve ….. for different Government departments.
The answer is F. > COMMUNICATION
In paragraph three, in the 1790s, he wrote to the Home Office suggesting that the departments of government be linked together through a set of ‘conversation tubes‘, and to the Bank of England with a design for a printing device that could produce unforgeable banknotes.
31 and 32. He developed a new way of printing banknotes to increase ….. and also designed a method for the …… of food.
The answer is B. > SECURITY
In paragraph three, in the 1790s, he wrote to the Home Office suggesting that the departments of government be linked together through a set of ‘conversation tubes’, and to the Bank of England with a design for a printing device that could produce unforgeable banknotes.
The answer is G. > PRESERVATION
In paragraph three, he drew up plans for a ‘frigidarium’ to keep provisions such ash as meat, fish, fruit, and vegetables fresh.
33. He also drew up plans for a prison which allowed the …. of prisoners at all times, and believed the same design could be used for other institutions as well.
The answer is E. > OBSERVATION
In paragraph three, his celebrated design for a prison to be known as a ‘Panopticon’, in which prisoners would be kept in solitary confinement while being visible at all times to the guards, was very nearly adopted.
34. When researching happiness, he investigated possibilities for its ……, and suggested some methods of doing this.
The answer is A. > MEASUREMENT
In paragraph four, if happiness is to be regarded as a science, it has to be measured, and Bentham suggested two ways in which this might be done.
Do the following statements agree with the claims of the writer in Reading Passage 3? Write YES, NO, or NOT GIVEN.
35. One strength of The Happiness Industry is its discussion of the relationship between psychology and economics.
The answer is YES.
In paragraph five, the Happiness Industry describes how the project of a science of happiness has become integral to capitalism.
36. It is more difficult to measure some emotions than others.
The answer is NOT GIVEN.
In paragraph five, in addition, Davies shows how the belief that inner states of pleasure and displeasure can be objectively measured has informed management studies and advertising.
37. Watson’s ideas on behaviorism were supported by research on humans he carried out before 1915.
The answer is NO.
In paragraph five, Watson had no factual basis for his view of human action. When he became president of the American Psychological Association in 1915, he ‘had never even studied a single human being’: his research had been confined to experiments on white rats.
38. Watson’s ideas have been most influential on governments outside America.
The answer is NOT GIVEN.
In paragraph five, yet Watson’s reductive model is now widely applied, with ‘behavior change’ becoming the goal of governments: in Britain, a ‘Behavior Insights Team’ has been established by the government to study how people can encouraged, at minimum cost to the public purse, to live in what are considered to be socially desirable ways.
39. The need for happiness is linked to industrialization.
The answer is YES.
In paragraph six, modern industrial societies appear to need the possibility of ever-increasing happiness to motivate them in their labors.
40. A main aim of government should be to increase the happiness of the population.
The answer is NO.
In paragraph six, but whatever its intellectual pedigree, the idea that governments should be responsible for promoting happiness is always a threat to human freedom.