Magy's English Edu. Club
Cambridge 14 Academic Reading Test Three Passage One
The concept of intelligence
Reading Passage 2 has ten sections, A—J.
Which section contains the following information?
1. information about how non-scientists’ assumptions about intelligence influence their behavior towards others
The answer is B.
In paragraph three, more generally, parents’ implicit theories of intelligence will determine at what ages they believe their children are ready to perform various cognitive tasks.
2. a reference to lack of clarity over the definition of intelligence
The answer is A.
In paragraph one, in other words, people all have unconscious notions, known as ‘implicit theories’, of intelligence, but no one knows for certain what it actually is.
3. the point that a researcher’s implicit and explicit theories may be very different
The answer is D.
In paragraph five, if an investigation of implicit theories reveals little correspondence between the extant implicit and explicit theories, the implicit theories are wrong and in need of correction or supplementation.
Do the following statements agree with the claims of the writer in Reading Passage 1? Write YES, NO, or NOT GIVEN.
4. Slow language development in children is likely to prove disappointing to their parents.
The answer is NOT GIVEN.
In paragraph three, for example, parents’ implicit theories of their children’s language development will determine at what ages they will be willing to make various corrections in their children’s speech.
5. People’s expectations of what children should gain from education are universal.
The answer is NO.
In paragraph six, for example, expectations for children who participate in Western-style schooling are almost certain to be different from those for children who do not participate in such schooling.
6. Scholars may discuss theories without fully understanding each other.
The answer is YES.
In paragraph eleven, until scholars are able to discuss their implicit theories and thus their assumptions, they are likely to miss the point of what others are saying when discussing their explicit theories and their data.
Match each statement with the correct theory, A, B, or C.
NB You may use any letter more than once.
7. It is desirable for the same possibilities to be open to everyone.
The answer is B. > Jeffersonian
In paragraph nine, the Jeffersonian view is that people should have equal opportunities, but they do not necessarily avail themselves equally of these opportunities and are not necessarily equally rewarded for their accomplishments.
8. No section of society should have preferential treatment at the expense of another.
The answer is C. > Jacksonian
In paragraph ten, in this view, we do not need or want any institutions that might lead to favoring one group over another.
9. People should only gain benefits on the basis of what they actually achieve.
The answer is B. > Jeffersonian
In paragraph nine, people are rewarded for what they accomplish, if given equal opportunity.
10. Variation in intelligence begins at birth.
The answer is A. > Hamiltonian
In paragraph eight, the Hamiltonian view, which is similar to the Platonic view, is that people are born with different levels of intelligence and that those who are less intelligent need the good offices of the more intelligent to keep them in line, whether they are called government officials or, in Plato’s term, philosopher-kings.
11. The more intelligent people should be in positions of power.
The answer is A. > Hamiltonian
In paragraph eight, the Hamiltonian view, which is similar to the Platonic view, is that people are born with different levels of intelligence and that those who are less intelligent need the good offices of the more intelligent to keep them in line, whether they are called government officials or, in Plato’s term, philosopher-kings.
12. Everyone can develop the same abilities.
The answer is C. > Jacksonian
In paragraph ten, in this view of democracy, people are essentially intersubstitutable except for specialized skills, all of which can be learned.
13. People of low intelligence are likely to lead uncontrolled lives.
The answer is A. > Hamiltonian
In paragraph eight, left to themselves, the unintelligent would create, as they always have created, a kind of chaos.