This topic I, personally, faced one time when I took the IELTS, and it is covered in Cambridge book 18, task 2 from test 1.

Some ideas about science and scientific discovery

• The role of science is to generate knowledge and understanding of universe and everything that surrounds mankind through experimentation.
• Scientific discovery is the discovery of new objects, phenomena, mechanisms, cures, technologies and theories.
• Scientific method of discovery is a basic process of observing, forming a hypothesis, testing that hypothesis, and conducting experiments that either prove or disproves the validity of different hypotheses without bias.

Some scientific discoveries that either altered the life of humans or caused destruction (in other words, exploring science as a double-edged weapon) 

• • Radio waves are a type of radiation, which humans use for communication. It is widely used for television and FM and AM radio broadcasts, mobile phones, and wireless computer networks. It is also used in military communication which enables the remote control of drones. 
  • The discovery of pencillin, the world’s first antibiotic, was by accident. And, it was only a decade later that penicillin was turned into a viable medicine when a group of chemists at Oxford University developed it as it was unstable at first. 
  • Uranium, a chemical element of radioactive nature, can be used as fuel for nuclear power plants, and it can be used for making nuclear bombs which cause mass destruction. Madam Curries was the scientist who first discovered Uranium and was awarded Nobel prize for her work. Her work with Uranium was instrumental to the future making of the atomic bomb. She died from the radiation of her discovery.
  • Robert Oppenheimer, called the father of the atomic bomb, regretted his contribution to the development of the atomic bomb.
  • Alfred Nobel was a chemist, inventor and engineer. He is well-known for inventing dynamite which he thought would be used for building and drilling purposes. However, his invention was misused. As a result, he made the Nobel Prize. 

Remember that the word research is uncountable; therefore, it cannot be in a plural form. The plural is research papers or research studies.

The plral from hypothesis is hypotheses.

The plural from phenomenon is phenomena.